GIVING ATTENTION

GIVING ATTENTION is a way of expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to what we want to.

Asking for attention (formal):

• Excuse me, …
• May I have your attention, please?
• Sorry to trouble you

Asking for attention (informal):

• Look at me!
• Attention, please!
• Look!
• Hey!

Showing attention:

• I really care about you
• Hope you will be fine
• What should I do to cheer you up ?
• Don't worry. I'm with you
• What's wrong with you?

Responding Attention :

• Yes, you do. And I'm very grateful for that.
• Thank you
• Well, you can tell me a funny story
• Thanks you very much
• Nothing, I'm fine

APPOINTMET

APPOINTMET is something said or written that use to tell about agreement for meeting. It is good to make an appointment before you meet people.

Making an Appointment :

• Will you pick me up at 3 p.m ?
• I'll come to your house at 5 p.m. Is it alright ?
• Will you go out with me tonight ?
• Can we discuss our project at my house this afternoon ?

Accepting an Appointment :

• Ok. I'll be there on time.
• Definitely !
• Sure. I'd love to.
• No problem. I'm free this afternoon.

Cancelling an Appointment :

• I'm sorry. I can't 
• I'm terribly sorry. I have to go ...
• I wish i could. But ..
• I really want to , but ...

Responding to the cancellitation :

• That's Ok.
• It's alright. Some other time maybe ?
• How dissapointing !
• Don't worry we can meet next time.

This is an example of dialog appointment :

April : ”Adam, let’s continue doing our paper tomorrow in my house. Can you make it?”
Adam :”Sorry, I have another appointment tomorrow. What about this evening, at about 6 p.m.?”
April : ”This evening, at 6 o’clock? O.K. I think I’ll be free then.”

GREETING

GREETING is an act of communication in which human beings (as well as other animals) intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other.

Greetings

• Good morning.
• Good afternoon.
• Good evening.
• How nice to see you
• Hello. 
• How are you?
• How do you do?
• How're you doing?
• Hi!

Responses

• Good morning.
• Good afternoon.
• Good evening.
• Yes, it's been so nice.
• Hello.
• Fine, thanks.
• How do you do?
• Not bad.
• Hi!

Leave Taking

• Good night.
• Goodbye.
• See you later.
• Bye.

Responses

• Good night.
• Goodbye.
• See you.
• Bye.

Introducing yourself

• First let me introduce
• myself.
• My name is ....
• Allow me to introduce
• my self.
• I'm ...
• Excuse me my name's ...
• How do you do? Myname is ....
• Hi! I'm ...
• Hello! My name is ...
• Good morning. My name's ...

Introducing someone

• I would like to introduce you to ....
• Let me introduce you to ...
• This ...
• Allow me to introduce ....
• I'd like you to meet ...
• Do you know ...
• Oh look, here's ...

ANNOUNCEMENT, MESSAGE AND PERSONAL LETTERS

ANNOUNCEMENT comes from the announce: in English announce the verb means "to make a formal public declaration about a fact, occurrence, or intention. Could say" announcement "meaningful notice of facts, events or intentions, whether written or spoken are presented to the public. announcement can be written or oral (spoken)

in writing the announcement must be included:
- The title / type of event.
- Date / time, place.
- Contact person.

Example of Announcement:

ATTENTION
To apply for a new drive's license, come to the BNI to buy a form. Then bring the form you've completed to the license office Monday through Friday between 7:00 am and 3:30 pm You will take a written test and a driving test after you fill in other forms from the license office. There will be a fee but not much.

MESSAGE is written or spoken piece of information that we send to somebody or leave for somebody when we can speak to them ourselves.

An Example of Message :

Dear Dina,
I’ve prepared some food for breakfast. I put it on the refrigerator. Sorry, I have to go to work very early. Mom


PERSONAL LETTER is a type of letter which provides communication between a small number of people, usually two. There are many types of personal letters and they are written for a wide variety of reasons:

• One person wishes to attain information from an individual or a business.
• One person wishes to tell somebody about themselves, as in pen pals.
• One person wishes to present to an individual or a business a social note, such as a thank-you or a congratulation.
• One person wishes to communicate with an acquaintance - friend or family, for example in order to maintain and reinforce the bond between them.

Surviving personal letters are often an important source of information about the lives of historical figures.

Elements of Personal Letters :

• Address of Desender
• Date
• Address of Addressee
• Salutation
• Content of the Letter
• The end of the Letter

Example Personal Letter :

Jakarta, 21 April 2010

Fitria Pramita

Jalan Merak 9, Bandung

Jawa Barat

Dear Fitri,

I’d like to thank you for the letter inviting me to see the play next week. I believe the play will be very interesting because some talented actors and actresses will play in it. However, I haven’t made up my mind about that. Now, I’m very busy preparing for my semester test. I hope you will understand. I’ll be happy if you tell me about the play later.
As soon as the test is done, I will visit you. Send my best regards to your parents.

Your sincerely,

Fira

VOCABULARY : PART OF BODY AND SHAPE

VOCABULARY is a set of words or phrases which are usually arranged in sequence and translated.
Now we will learn vocabulary about part of body and shapes.

PART OF BODY :

SHAPE :

• Simple Straight Sided Shapes

•  Simple Rounded Shape

• Types Of Triangle

• 3D Shapes

•  Math Shape

• Miscellaneous shapes

EXPRESSING HAPPINESS

EXPRESSING HAPPINESS is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings.

What is Happiness ?

Happiness is a mental or emotional state of well-being characterized by positive or pleasantemotions ranging from contentment to intense joy.

We can expressing happiness with :

• Word
• Gestures

The example is :

• Fantastic !
• I’m glad now
• I love it !
• I really like it !
• I'm statisfied with ……
• I'm pleased with ……
• Congratulation !
• That's great !
• That's wonderfull !
• I'm happy to hear that.
• I'm glad to know that.
• etc

Example dialog expressing happiness :

Juniel : “Mom ! I have a good news !”
Mom : “What is it dear ?”
Juniel : “My English teacher told me that I got excellent score in the last test !”
Mom : “Really? Oh I'm proud of you dear !”
Juniel : “Yeah mom, thanks”
Mom : “Because you get excellent score. i want to give you a present !”
Juniel : “What is it mom ?”
Mom : “I will give you a ticket concert !”
Juniel : “Really ? wow i really like it mom. thank you so much mom !”
Mom : “My pleasure dear”

Expression Happiness :)

EXPRESSING SYMPATHY

EXPRESSING SYMPATHY is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition .By expressing sympathy we want to show our concern or carefulness on other people ‘s condition.

There are some expressions to show our sympathy to other people.

Some of the examples are shown below :

• Oh, I am sorry to hear that 
• That’s too bad
• What a pity of you !
• Be patient, it would be better soon
• I take my sympathy to you
• I sympathize with your condition
• I know how is your feeling
• It would be OK soon.

There are also some responses to accept sympathy from other people. Here the examples.

• Thank you very much
• It’s very kind of you
• I hope so
• That’s a pity, isn’t it?
• Thanks for your sympathy
• Thanks for your support
• I would be OK, thank you very much for your support

Example dialogue of expressing Sympathy :

Mega    : “Hi,Henry. What's up? You look so sad”
Henry    : “Yeah, my grandmaa died last night”
Mega    : “Really? I'm sorry to hear that”
Henry    : “Thanks”
Mega    : “If I'm not mistaken, she is in Jakarta, right?”
Henry    : “Yes. We haven't visited her yet”
Mega    : “Does your family plan to go to Jakarta?”
Henry    : “Yes. Tonight. We are going to leave for Jakarta”
Mega    : “Oh, I hope your family will be fine”
Henry    : “Thanks a lot, Meg”

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE is a verb form most commonly used in the English language which is used to reveal the factual events and habitual (customs), general and non-general, instruction, or plan or schedule

Simple present tense is used:

1. To declare the events that occur on a regular basis (regular happening).

2. To declare habits conducted by the subject line (habitual action)

3. To state the argument or theory that has been recognized truth.

4. To express / express a state or condition of someone or something in the present

5. To state the facts now.

6. To make requests and orders.

Formula for the Simple Present Tense is:

1. Nominal:

(+) S + Tobe + C

(-) S + Tobe + Not + C

(?) Tobe S + C + +?

For example:

(+) I am a teacher

(-) I am not a teacher

(?) Am I a teacher?

2. Verbal:

(+) S + Verb1 (s / es) + O / C

(-) S + Do / Does + Verb1 (bare infinitive) + O / C

(?) Do / Does + S + Verb1 (bare infinitive) + O / C +?

For example:

(+) Krystal goes to school this morning

(-) Krystal does not go to school this morning

(?) Does krystal go to school thism morning?

Note: Bare infinitive is a V-1 in the form of a simple (no extra s or es although to a third person singular subject).

If the subject followed by an adjective or a noun, use be: is / am / are. Is used if the subject is singular that he, she, it and a noun that can be replaced by the subject pronouns he, she or it; Am if the subject of his I; Whereas, if the subject of his are you, they, or we. Subject pronouns I, you, they, we, and the noun which can be replaced with I, you, they or we called a plural subject.

When verb1 added an s and when added to a singular point of ice so that the right verb?

Rules adding-s or-es:

1. Almost all the words in the plus-s

2. Except as below:

(A) The words that end with the letters sh,-ch,-s,-x,-z.

Example:

Wash into washes.

Watch a watches.

Class into classes.

Box into boxes.

Buzz became buzzes.

(B) The words that end with the letter-y.

- If you begin with a vowel, only-s is added.

Example:

Toy into toys

Buy a buys

- If it begins with a consonant-y turn out to be-I and added to the ice

Example:

Baby into babies.

Cry into cries.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE is a verb form that is used to express actions that occur during a particular moment in the past. Action can occur singly, repeatedly, or interrupted by another action.

Use of past continuous:

1. Past Continuous Tense is used to express the events that are happening at a specific time in the past. In this case, the time specifications are usually expressed in hours (ie what time it happened).

The formula:

(+) S + Was / Were + V-ing + O / C + Adv.Of Time

(-) S + Was / Were + Not + V-ing + O / C + Adv.Of Time

(?) Was / Were + S + V-ing + O / C + Adv.Of Time

For example:

(+) She was playing piano at there last week

(-) She was not playing the piano at there last week

(?) Was she playing piano at there last week?

2. Past Continuous Tense is used to express the activity is going on or are taking place in the past, which was interrupted by another event. In this case, the formula is as follows:

• When / While + subject1+ simple past tense, + past continuous + subject2
• Subject1+ past continuous + when + subject2 + simple past tense

Events / activities that interrupt stated in the past tense, and serves as a testimony of time. If placed at the beginning of the sentence, insert a comma (,) before the main kalusa.

Example:

• When father read a book, the mother was cooking for dinner.
• My brother was playing playstation, when i was broke a mirror.

3. Past Continuous Tense is also used to express the two events occur at the same time in the past. In this case, the following formula is usually used:

• While + subject1 + past continuous, + past continuous + subject2
• Subject1 + past continuous + while + past continuous + subject2

Example:

• While jessica was waiting in the living room, tiffany was wearing make-up.
• I was playing a guitar, they were singing a song

Negative form of sentences in the Past Continuous Tense is made by adding 'not' after be were / was, as seen in the following formula:

• Subject + (was / were) + not + (verb1 + ing) + object + modifier

Example:

• Kevin was not selling the cake at twelve o'clock last sunday.
• When she screamed for help, we were not chitchatting

Interrogative form of the sentence is past continuous tense:

• Was / Were + S + Verb1-ing + O + modifier?

Example:

• English he was discussing with his classmates at 3 pm last Tuesday?

From the examples above sentence we can see that the modifier of time (time information) for sentences in past continuous tense is the form advervial phrases, namely:

1.    at + time + last night / two days ago / yesterday morning, and so on.

For example: at ten o'clock last night, at 7 this morning, etc.

2.    When + simple past tense.

For example: when I came home, when I called her last night, etc.

3.    while + past continuous tense.

     For example: while I was playing, while we were eating, etc.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

SIMPLE PAST TENSE is used to state the facts or events that happened in the past or the past.

Formula of the simple past tense is:

1.       Nominal

(+) S + Was / Were + C

(-) S + Was / Were + Not + C

(?) Was / Were + S + C?

Example:

(+) April was cry an hour ago

(-) April was not cry an hour ago

(?) Was april cry an hours ago?

2.       Verbal

(+) S + Verb-2 + O / C

(-) S + Did + Not + Verb-1 + O / C

(?) Did + S + Verb-1 + O / C +?

Example:

(+) Yolla played dolls this night

(-) Yolla did not play dolls this night

(?) Yolla Dis play dolls this night?

The verb used in the simple past tense is a verb form to 2, can be regular and irregular verbs:

1.       Regular Verb

In regular verbs, change shape just add d / ed at the end of the verb.

Examples are:

V1                           V2                           V3

Play                        played                 played

Count                    counted               counted

Study                    studied                                 studied

Watch                   watched              watched

There are some rules to make regular verbs are:

1.       If the verb ending in '-i' add '-d' at the end of the sentence.

Example: 'Live' -> 'Lived'

2.       If the verb ending in 'consonant +-y' switch point '-y' with the '-i' and add '-ed' at the end of the verb

Example: 'study' ->' Studied '

3.       If the verb ending in 'vowel + consonant (not'-w 'or'-y ') to make double the consonant and add'-ed '

Example: 'Beg' -> 'begged'

2.       Irregular Verb

To see the list of irregular verbs, my temanpun can be directly read in the dictionary that you have at home.

Example:

V1                           V2                           V3

Break                    broke                    broken

Came                    come                     Come

Draw                     drew                     drawn

Eat                          ate                         eaten

Keep in mind that according to the formula that I list above, the simple past tense, the verb to-2 is only used in a positive sentence, if questions arise in the negative and the second verb must be converted into the first form of the verb.

Descriptive words commonly used in the simple past tense :

·         Once

·         Three times

·         Several times

·         Already

·         As yet

·         Lately

·         Recently

·         Since 1900

·         For two year

·         Never

·         Ever

·         Twice

·         For an hour

·         Just

·         Finally

·         Etc. ..

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE is a verb form that is used to express the experience of the past, changes in the information, activity or situation that has started in the past and have not finished now, and the events that just happened.

Formula of the present perfect tense is:

A. Nominal

(+) S + Have / Has + Been + Comp

(-) S + Have / Has + Not + Been + Comp

(?) Have / Has + Been + Comp + S +?

Example:

(+) I have been live in Yogya for 1 years.

(-) I have not been live in Yogya for 1 years.

(?) Have you been live in Yogya for 1 years ?

B. Verbal:

(+) S + Have / Has + Verb-3 + O/C

(-) S + Have / Has + Not + Verb-3 + O/C

(?) Have / Has + S + Verb-3 + O/C + ?

Example:

(+) I have written english lesson 

(-) I have not written english lesson
(?) Have you written english lesson ?

GIVING INSTRUCTION

Hello! I'm back with new material titled "giving instruction"

GIVING INSTRUCTION is an expression that we use to others to instruct or request to do something we want.

Sentence instruction usually begins with the base Verb (Infinitive) without the use of 'to'. To make the instruction to be more polite to add the word "please" at the beginning or end of kaliamat. The tense used in giving instruction is "Simple Present"

Kind of giving instruction is:

1.       Command

·         Verb (+ object)

o   Come here

o   Watch out

o   Sit down

·         Please + verb (+ object)

o   Please watch  your step

o   Please call me

o   Please sweep the floor

·         V (+ o) + please

o   Keep sillent please

o   Wash your hand please

o   Do your home please.

·         Be + adjective.

o   Be your self.

o   Be a good student.

o   Be happy.

2.       Prohobition

·         Do not + v (+ o)

o   Do not close it!

o   Do not eat it !

o   Do not leave it!

·         Do not + v (+ o) + please.

o   Do not be noise, please.

o   Do not leave it, please

o   Do not eat that cake, please

·         Would you mind not + v-ing (+ o)

o   Would you mind not reading my book.

o   Would you mind not to eat’

·         Do not + v-infinitive.

o   Do not take it!

o   Do not disturb!

o   Do not touch!

·         No + v-ing.

o   No smooking!

o   No swimming!

o   No playing!

Stages of an instruction is :

1.       Asking for Instructions (Ask for instructions) How do you (do this)?

·         How do I ...?

·         What is the best way to ...?

·         How do I go about it?

·         What do you suggest?

·         How do you suggest I proceed?

2.       What is the first step? Giving Instructions (provide instructions) First, (you) ...

·         Then, (you) ...

·         Next, (you) ...

3.       Lastly, (you) ... Starting out (instructions to do the first stage) Before you begin, (you should ...)

·         The first thing you do is ...

·         I would start by ...

·         The best place to begin is ...

4.       To begin with, Continuing (Instruction to continue) After that,

·         The next step is to ...

·         The next thing you do is ...

·         Once you've done that, then ...

5.       When you finish that, then ... Finishing (Instructions for completing) The last step is ...

·         The last thing you do is ...

·         In the end,

·         When you've finished,

·         When you've completed all the steps

Sample dialogue for giving instruction :

Reno : “Mom, where I have to put this box?”

Mom :  “Put the box next to the couch, please”

Reno :  “Ok mom”